Rhinoplasty Explained: Complete Guide to Nose Surgery

Rhinoplasty, often called a nose job, is a surgical procedure that changes the form and/or function of the nose. Whether the aim is aesthetic refinement, improved breathing, or repair after injury or birth differences, rhinoplasty combines precise planning and refined surgical technique to balance facial harmony while maintaining or improving nasal airflow.

Why people consider rhinoplasty

People seek rhinoplasty for a variety of reasons. Common motivations include:

• Fixing trauma or congenital abnormalities that distort nasal anatomy and impair breathing.
• Reducing an excessively large or prominent nose to better fit other facial features.
• Refining the nasal tip, bridge (dorsum), or profile for subtler, more harmonious contours.
• Changing nostril width or shape to improve symmetry and nasal function.
• Treating breathing problems caused by internal structural issues such as a deviated septum.

Every rhinoplasty is individualized: surgical choices are guided by each patient’s anatomy, aesthetic goals, and overall health. What is effective for one person may not be appropriate for another, so a tailored surgical plan is essential.

How rhinoplasty is performed

Most rhinoplasties are performed under general anesthesia and typically take between one and three hours, depending on complexity. Surgeons generally work with one of two approaches:

• Closed rhinoplasty: All incisions are placed inside the nostrils, leaving no visible external scars. This technique is well-suited to many routine reshaping procedures.
• Open rhinoplasty: A small incision is made across the columella (the tissue between the nostrils). This provides broader access to the nasal framework and is commonly used for complex revisions or major structural changes.

During surgery, the surgeon carefully elevates the skin and soft tissue layer off the underlying bone and cartilage. The nasal skeleton is then sculpted: bone and cartilage may be removed, reshaped, or repositioned; grafts (harvested from septum, ear, or rib) may be used to add support or contour; and soft tissues can be refined to improve the external shape. Once the internal framework is adjusted, the skin is re-draped and incisions are closed. External splints and, in some cases, internal supports or packing are applied to protect the new shape during the early healing phase.

Recovery and what to expect

Healing after rhinoplasty is gradual and differs between individuals. Typical stages include:

• Immediate post-operative period: You will often leave surgery with a nasal splint and, occasionally, internal packing. Swelling, bruising around the eyes, and discomfort are common and are managed with medications.
• First week: Splints and stitches are commonly removed around days 5–7. While initial bruising and swelling start to subside, they remain visible.
• Weeks 2–4: Most patients feel well enough to return to work and daily routines, though strenuous exercise and contact sports should be postponed. The nose may feel numb, stiff, or tight.
• Months 1–3: A substantial portion of swelling resolves and the new contours become more evident.
• Up to 12 months: Fine changes continue as residual swelling gradually disappears; subtle refinements can take up to a year to fully settle.

Following your surgeon’s post-operative instructions—sleeping position, activity restrictions, wound care, and medication use—is critical to minimize complications and optimize results.

Who is a suitable candidate?

Candidates for rhinoplasty typically include:

• People whose facial growth is complete (often mid-to-late teens or older).
• Individuals in generally good health without uncontrolled medical conditions.
• Non-smokers or those willing to stop smoking before and during healing, since smoking negatively affects circulation and recovery.
• Patients with realistic expectations about what surgery can achieve.
• Those experiencing cosmetic concerns or functional breathing problems related to nasal structure.

A thorough consultation with a board-certified plastic or facial plastic surgeon will assess anatomy, medical history, and goals to determine if rhinoplasty is appropriate.

Choosing the right surgeon

Selecting an experienced, communicative surgeon is one of the most important decisions you will make. Consider these factors:

• Board certification: Confirm credentials from recognized plastic surgery or facial plastic surgery boards.
• Rhinoplasty-specific experience: Seek a surgeon who regularly performs nasal surgery and has experience with cases like yours.
• Before-and-after gallery: Reviewing photos of prior patients helps you gauge a surgeon’s aesthetic approach and consistency.
• Patient reviews: Testimonials and reviews offer insight into outcomes and patient satisfaction.
• Communication: Choose someone who listens, explains options clearly, and discusses realistic results and risks.
• Accredited facility: Ensure the procedure will be done in an accredited operating room or surgical center.

Prices, rates, or cost estimates mentioned in this article are based on the latest available information but may change over time. Independent research is advised before making financial decisions.

Rhinoplasty can deliver meaningful aesthetic and functional improvements when performed for the right reasons by a qualified, experienced surgeon. Doing thorough research, discussing realistic expectations, and following post-operative care instructions are key to achieving the best outcome.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.