Facelift Surgery: What It Is, How It Works, and What to Expect

What is a facelift?

A facelift is an operative procedure that tightens and repositions soft tissues of the lower face and neck to reduce visible signs of aging. Techniques vary from less invasive “mini” lifts to more extensive deep-plane procedures that reposition muscle and connective layers beneath the skin. The goal is to restore a smoother contour to the jawline and neck, reduce jowls, and soften nasolabial folds while maintaining natural facial movement and expression.

How does surgery lift and tighten?

Surgery typically begins with incisions placed discreetly around the ears and sometimes under the chin. Through these access points, the surgeon can lift and secure deeper tissue layers, remove or redistribute fat, and trim excess skin. Work on the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) or deeper planes provides longer-lasting support than skin-only tightening. Procedures are performed under general anesthesia or sedation, and surgical plans are individualized based on anatomy and desired outcomes.

How does aging change facial structures?

Aging affects the face through multiple processes: gradual loss of collagen and elastin reduces skin elasticity, fat pads shift or shrink causing hollowing and sagging, and bone resorption alters structural support. These combined changes can create drooping of the lower face, deeper folds, and a less defined jawline. A facelift addresses the soft-tissue descent and excess skin, but it doesn’t stop the intrinsic cellular processes of aging; maintenance and adjunct therapies may be needed over time.

How does a facelift affect skin quality?

While a facelift re-drapes and tightens skin, it does not directly reverse sun damage, discoloration, or fine surface texture issues. Many surgeons combine facelift surgery with complementary skin treatments—chemical peels, laser resurfacing, microneedling, or topical regimens—to improve texture and pigment. Proper pre- and post-operative skincare, sun protection, and avoiding tobacco improve healing and help maintain skin quality after surgery.

Who benefits for the face and what to expect?

Good candidates are typically adults in generally good health with realistic expectations, noticeable soft-tissue laxity, and a desire for long-term improvement of the lower face and neck. Non-smokers or those willing to stop smoking before and after surgery generally have better healing. Recovery often involves initial swelling and bruising for several weeks, with many patients resuming routine activities within two to four weeks and seeing continued improvement over several months. Scarring is minimized by experienced surgeons and typically concealed in natural creases.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.

A thoughtful discussion with a board-certified plastic surgeon or facial specialist can clarify which technique fits your goals, whether adjunct treatments are recommended, and how to prepare for recovery. Consider seeking consultations with providers who offer detailed before-and-after examples and who discuss risks, timelines, and realistic outcomes for your specific facial anatomy and aging pattern.

Facelift surgery can provide a meaningful, long-lasting improvement in facial contours when chosen for the right reasons and performed by an experienced clinician. Combining surgical reshaping with targeted skin care and lifestyle measures supports more natural-looking, durable results for the face as it continues to change over time.