Guide to Plumbing Supplies: Pipes, Valves, Fittings, and Tools

Plumbing: core supplies and where to start

Plumbing supplies encompass a wide range of parts and materials used to move water, waste, and gas safely and efficiently. Core categories include pipes, fittings, valves, fixtures, seals, and adhesives. Start by identifying the job type—repair, retrofit, or new installation—because each requires different materials and standards. For example, potable water lines need approved materials and often specific connectors; waste systems use different diameters and slopes. If you’re unsure, consult product specifications or a qualified tradesperson and check for compatibility with local building codes and local services in your area.

Pipes: materials, sizes, and common uses

Pipes come in several materials—copper, PEX, CPVC, galvanized steel, and PVC—each suited to particular applications. Copper is durable and used for hot and cold supply lines; PEX is flexible and popular for retrofits; PVC commonly serves drainage and venting. Select pipe sizes based on flow requirements: typical household supply lines range from 1/2” to 3/4”, while drain pipes are larger. Consider pressure ratings, temperature tolerance, and code approval when choosing. Proper support, expansion allowance, and insulation also matter to reduce noise and prevent freeze damage.

Tools: essential plumbing tools for basic jobs

A modest tool kit covers many common plumbing tasks: adjustable wrench, pipe wrench, basin wrench for tight fixture nuts, tubing cutter for clean pipe ends, PEX crimp or clamp tools, a plumber’s torch for soldering copper, and a good set of pliers. Thread seal tape (PTFE) and pipe dope seal threaded fittings. A drain snake or auger and a plunger are vital for clogs. For safer work, include safety glasses, gloves, and leak detection dye or a small pressure gauge. Renting specialty tools from local services can be cost-effective for one-off projects.

Valves: types, functions, and placement

Valves control flow, isolate sections, and manage pressure. Common types include ball valves—fast shutoff and reliable for most service lines—gate valves used in older systems, globe valves for flow regulation, and check valves to prevent backflow. Pressure-reducing valves protect fixtures from high incoming pressure. Place shutoff valves at fixtures and at main supply entrances so you can isolate problems quickly. For potable systems, use lead-free, code-compliant valves. When replacing valves, match thread type and size, and consider accessibility for future maintenance.

Fittings: connectors, materials, and compatibility

Fittings join pipes, change direction, or adapt sizes; common forms include elbows, tees, couplings, nipples, and unions. Material must match or be compatible with the pipe system—copper fittings for copper pipe, plastic fittings for PEX or PVC, and brass or stainless options where dissimilar metals or durability are concerns. Compression fittings work well for easy installs without soldering, while soldered, crimp, or push-fit options offer varying permanence and speed. Pay attention to pressure ratings and whether fittings are rated for potable water. Using the correct fitting type avoids leaks and corrosion over time.

Conclusion

A practical understanding of plumbing supplies—pipes, valves, fittings, and tools—helps you plan repairs or installations with confidence. Match materials and sizes to the job, ensure compatibility and code compliance, and prioritize accessibility and durability when selecting parts. For complex systems or code-sensitive work, consult qualified professionals or reputable local services in your area to confirm choices and maintain safety and performance.