Rhinoplasty Basics: Key Facts About Nose Surgery

Rhinoplasty, commonly referred to as a nose job, is a surgical procedure used to alter the size, shape, or function of the nose. People pursue it for cosmetic enhancement, to correct breathing problems, or to repair deformities from injury or congenital conditions. Understanding the types of procedures, motivations, risks, preparation, recovery, and costs will help you decide whether rhinoplasty is right for you.

Surgical approaches: open and closed rhinoplasty

Surgeons generally use one of two primary techniques: open or closed rhinoplasty. In open rhinoplasty, a small incision is made across the columella—the strip of tissue between the nostrils—allowing the surgeon to lift the nasal skin and gain a full view of the underlying structures. This approach often makes complex reshaping or revision work easier and provides excellent visibility.

Closed rhinoplasty uses incisions confined to the inside of the nostrils, leaving no external scar. Because it avoids an external incision, closed techniques may reduce visible scarring and can shorten operating time, but they offer more limited exposure. Which approach is best depends on the changes needed, the surgeon’s experience, and the individual patient’s anatomy.

Why patients opt for rhinoplasty

People choose nose surgery for a range of cosmetic and medical reasons. Typical motivations include:

• Enhancing facial symmetry and overall balance
• Correcting a deviated septum or other structural issues to improve breathing
• Reducing an overly large or prominent nose
• Refining the tip, nostril shape, or bridge contour
• Repairing asymmetry or damage from trauma
• Addressing congenital abnormalities present since birth

It’s important that candidates pursue rhinoplasty for their own satisfaction and realistic goals, not to meet someone else’s expectations.

Potential risks and complications

As with any surgery, rhinoplasty carries risks. Complications are uncommon when operations are performed by credentialed surgeons, but patients should be aware of possible outcomes, such as:

• Infection
• Adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Persistent breathing problems
• Unsatisfactory cosmetic results or the need for revision surgery
• Nosebleeds
• Scarring (especially with open techniques)
• Changes in sensation or numbness around the nasal skin
• Septal perforation (a hole in the nasal septum)

Choosing a board-certified, experienced surgeon and following pre- and post-operative directions closely helps reduce these risks.

Preparing for surgery

Proper preparation can improve surgical outcomes and make recovery smoother. Common pre-operative steps include:

• Scheduling a consultation to discuss goals, expectations, and surgical options
• Completing a medical evaluation and any recommended tests
• Stopping smoking well before surgery, as smoking impairs healing
• Avoiding medications and supplements that increase bleeding risk (your surgeon will provide a list)
• Arranging transportation home after the procedure and help for the first 24–48 hours
• Setting up a comfortable recovery area at home with ice packs, pillows, and easy-to-reach supplies

Follow all instructions from your surgical team about fasting, medications, and other preparations to minimize complications.

What to expect during recovery

Recovery is gradual and requires patience. Typical timelines are:

• Immediate post-op: Your nose may be supported with an external splint and internal dressings. Expect swelling, bruising, and some discomfort.
• First week: Keep your head elevated, use cold compresses to control swelling, and avoid blowing your nose or strenuous exertion. Stitches and splints are often removed within 5–7 days.
• 1–3 weeks: Many patients return to work or school after one to two weeks, depending on how they feel and the type of work they do. Light activities are usually okay, but avoid heavy lifting.
• 3–6 weeks: Swelling continues to decrease and you can gradually resume normal exercise, though contact sports and activities with a risk of nasal impact should be avoided.
• Several months to a year: Subtle swelling, especially at the nasal tip, can persist for many months. Final shape and refinement may take up to a year to be fully apparent.

Adhering to your surgeon’s aftercare instructions—such as avoiding sun exposure, refraining from smoking, and attending follow-up appointments—will improve healing and outcomes.

Prices, rates, or cost estimates mentioned in this article are based on the latest available information but may change over time. Independent research is advised before making financial decisions.

Making an informed decision

Rhinoplasty can be transformative both cosmetically and functionally, but success depends on realistic expectations, a qualified surgical team, and careful adherence to pre- and post-operative guidance. During consultations, ask to see before-and-after photos, verify board certification, discuss potential complications, and clarify the recovery plan. If revision surgery is a possibility, discuss that scenario in advance.

Selecting a surgeon you trust, preparing thoroughly, and committing to the recovery plan will give you the best chance of a successful outcome that improves appearance and nasal function.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.