Rhinoplasty Explained: Nose Surgery, Benefits & Risks

Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to change the nose’s appearance, improve breathing, or correct congenital or trauma-related deformities. Often called a “nose job,” it is one of the most frequently performed facial plastic surgeries. Because it affects both form and function, rhinoplasty requires careful planning, a skilled surgeon, and realistic expectations from the patient.

Who are good candidates for rhinoplasty?

Ideal candidates are healthy individuals who understand what rhinoplasty can and cannot achieve. Typical candidates include people with:

1. Cosmetic concerns about the size, shape, or proportions of their nose
2. Breathing problems related to structural issues such as a deviated septum
3. Congenital differences or nasal deformities caused by injury
4. A mature facial framework — generally after about 15–16 years for girls and 17–18 years for boys

A detailed consultation with a board-certified facial plastic surgeon or an otolaryngologist (ENT) helps determine whether a patient’s goals are realistic and whether rhinoplasty is the best approach. Psychological readiness and clear motivation are also important factors in candidacy.

Types of rhinoplasty procedures

Rhinoplasty can be tailored to the patient’s needs. Common approaches include:

1. Open rhinoplasty: A small external incision across the columella (the tissue between the nostrils) provides wide exposure of nasal structures, useful for more complex reshaping.
2. Closed rhinoplasty: Incisions are made inside the nostrils, avoiding external scars and often offering quicker recovery for less extensive changes.
3. Septoplasty: Often performed alongside rhinoplasty, this procedure straightens a deviated septum to improve nasal airflow.
4. Revision rhinoplasty: Surgery performed to correct or improve outcomes from a previous nasal operation; it can be more challenging due to scar tissue and altered anatomy.
5. Ethnic rhinoplasty: Techniques adapted to respect and preserve characteristic ethnic nasal features while achieving the patient’s goals.
6. Non-surgical rhinoplasty: Injectable fillers are used for minor contour adjustments and temporary improvement without incisions or general anesthesia.

Your surgeon will recommend the technique that best matches your anatomy and objectives.

How to prepare for surgery

Preparing properly helps reduce risks and supports a smoother recovery. Typical preoperative steps include:

1. Selecting a board-certified surgeon with significant rhinoplasty experience and viewing before-and-after photos of similar cases.
2. Discussing aesthetic goals, medical history, allergies, and any prior nasal trauma or surgeries.
3. Undergoing a physical exam and, when needed, imaging to evaluate internal and external nasal structures.
4. Stopping smoking and nicotine products several weeks before and after surgery to promote healing.
5. Avoiding blood-thinning medications and supplements as instructed by your surgeon to minimize bleeding risk.
6. Arranging transportation home and support during the initial recovery period, and following pre-op fasting or medication instructions.

Clear communication with your surgical team and following their instructions is essential to reduce complications.

Recovery expectations and timeline

Recovery varies by person and by the extent of the procedure, but a general timeline is:

1. First week: Swelling, bruising, and discomfort are common. A nasal splint or cast is often worn to protect the nose.
2. 1–2 weeks: Many patients feel well enough to return to work or school as bruising fades; avoid strenuous activity.
3. 3–4 weeks: Most routine activities can be resumed; swelling continues to subside.
4. Several months: The nose refines gradually as internal swelling diminishes.
5. Up to one year: Final subtle changes continue, and the nose generally settles into its long-term shape.

Follow all post-operative care instructions, avoid activities that risk nasal impact, and keep scheduled follow-up visits to monitor healing.

Potential risks and complications

While rhinoplasty is generally safe when performed by an experienced surgeon, possible complications include:

1. Infection
2. Bleeding
3. Adverse reaction to anesthesia
4. Persistent breathing difficulties
5. Unsatisfactory aesthetic outcome requiring revision
6. Nasal septal perforation (a hole in the septum)
7. Altered skin sensation around the nose
8. Visible or internal scarring

Discuss risks thoroughly with your surgeon and ensure you understand the likelihood and management of each.

Prices, rates, or cost estimates mentioned in this article are based on the latest available information but may change over time. Independent research is advised before making financial decisions.

Choosing a qualified, experienced surgeon, having realistic expectations, and following pre- and post-operative guidance are the best ways to maximize the chance of a satisfying outcome. Rhinoplasty can provide meaningful improvements to both appearance and nasal function, but it requires thoughtful planning and commitment to recovery.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.