Varicose Vein Treatments: Healthier Legs, Better Circulation

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that most often appear in the legs. They develop when valves inside veins weaken or fail, allowing blood to pool and veins to enlarge. While they are frequently a cosmetic concern, varicose veins can also cause discomfort, aching and, in advanced cases, skin changes or ulcers. Modern medicine offers a spectrum of options to manage symptoms, improve appearance and lower the risk of complications.

What causes varicose veins?

Several factors raise the likelihood of developing varicose veins. Common contributors include:

• Age, which weakens vein walls and valves over time
• Family history or genetics
• Pregnancy, because of increased blood volume and hormonal shifts
• Excess body weight that increases pressure on leg veins
• Jobs or habits that involve prolonged standing or sitting
• Low levels of regular physical activity
• Hormonal changes such as those caused by puberty, pregnancy or menopause

Because the legs bear the body’s weight and work against gravity to return blood to the heart, they are the most frequent location for varicose veins.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms range from mild to severe and can include:

• Noticeable bulging, rope-like veins in the legs
• A heavy, aching or tired feeling in the legs
• Swelling in ankles and feet
• Itching or burning around affected veins
• Nighttime muscle cramps
• Skin discoloration, persistent inflammation or, in advanced cases, venous ulcers

If you notice progressive symptoms or skin changes, seek evaluation from a healthcare professional experienced in vein care.

Treatment options

Treatment choice depends on symptom severity, the size and location of affected veins, and your overall health. Options include:

• Compression stockings: Specially designed socks or stockings apply graduated pressure to improve venous return, reduce swelling and relieve discomfort. They are often first-line therapy for mild cases or used alongside procedural treatments.

• Lifestyle changes: Regular walking or leg exercises, weight management and avoiding long periods of immobility can lessen symptoms and slow progression.

• Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into smaller varicose or spider veins, causing them to scar and fade. It is effective for many superficial veins.

• Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA): A minimally invasive method that uses laser energy inside the vein to heat and close it, redirecting blood to healthy veins. It treats larger trunk veins with high success rates.

• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA): Similar to EVLA, RFA uses radiofrequency energy to thermally close problem veins, providing another minimally invasive option.

• Vein stripping and ligation: A surgical approach to remove damaged veins, generally reserved for extensive disease or when minimally invasive methods are not appropriate.

Your vein specialist may combine therapies or recommend staged treatment depending on the anatomy and severity of your venous disease.

How endovenous laser ablation works

Endovenous laser ablation is commonly offered for symptomatic varicose veins originating from larger superficial veins. The typical procedure steps are:

1. Ultrasound mapping to identify the targeted vein and plan access.
2. Local anesthetic is used to numb the area around the vein.
3. A small skin puncture allows insertion of a thin catheter into the vein under ultrasound guidance.
4. Laser energy is delivered through the catheter to heat the vein wall, causing it to collapse and seal shut.
5. The catheter is withdrawn and a small dressing applied; compression stockings are usually worn afterward to support healing.

The treatment typically takes about an hour, and most patients can go home the same day.

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Cost disclaimer: Prices are estimates and vary by region, provider, complexity of the case and insurance coverage. Consult your healthcare provider and insurer for accurate pricing and coverage details.

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What to expect during recovery

Recovery is typically faster after minimally invasive procedures like EVLA or RFA than after open surgery. Common recovery expectations include:

• Mild discomfort or pressure that can be controlled with over-the-counter pain relievers
• Bruising and local swelling that usually improves over several weeks
• Requirement to wear compression stockings for a period recommended by your clinician
• Gradual improvement in the cosmetic appearance of treated veins over weeks to months
• Most people resume normal daily activities within 24 to 48 hours, though heavy lifting or intense exercise may be limited briefly

Follow-up ultrasound exams are often scheduled to confirm treated veins remain closed and to assess circulation.

Risks and complications

All medical procedures carry some risk. Potential complications of varicose vein treatments include:

• Temporary bruising and swelling
• Skin discoloration along the treated vein
• Numbness or altered sensation from nearby nerve irritation
• Rare infection at puncture sites
• Rarely, deep vein thrombosis or other clotting issues

Careful patient selection, skilled operators and adherence to post-procedure instructions reduce the likelihood of complications.

Choosing the right approach

Selecting the optimal treatment begins with a duplex ultrasound exam to map the venous system and identify dysfunctional valves and refluxing veins. A vein specialist will weigh the severity of symptoms, anatomical findings, personal health considerations and cosmetic goals. Many patients benefit from combining conservative measures with procedural treatment to reduce symptoms and improve long-term outcomes.

If varicose veins are affecting your comfort or quality of life, book a consultation with a vascular specialist or vein clinic to review options and create a personalized plan.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.