What is a facelift?

A facelift (rhytidectomy) is a cosmetic surgical procedure designed to reduce facial wrinkles, correct sagging skin, and restore a more youthful contour to the face and jawline. Techniques vary from limited-incision lifts to comprehensive procedures that include the neck and deeper tissue layers. Surgeons tailor the approach to address specific concerns such as jowls, deep nasolabial folds, or lax neck skin. A facelift focuses on structural changes rather than surface treatments and is often combined with other procedures like eyelid surgery or skin resurfacing for balanced results.

How does facelift surgery work?

Facelift surgery typically involves making incisions near the hairline and around the ears to access underlying tissues. The surgeon repositions or tightens the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and may remove or re-drape excess skin. Sutures anchor the lifted tissues to achieve a natural contour. Procedures can be performed under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia depending on complexity. Recovery varies by technique: minimally invasive lifts often have quicker recovery, while full facelifts require more downtime but may provide longer-lasting outcomes.

When is surgery recommended for aging skin?

Surgery is usually considered when non-surgical treatments—such as injectables, lasers, or topical regimens—no longer produce desired improvements. Candidates are typically adults with moderate to severe skin laxity, visible jowling, or neck banding related to aging. Good general health, realistic expectations, and non-smoking status improve surgical safety and results. Age alone is not the only factor; lifestyle, genetics, and the quality of the skin all influence timing. A consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon helps determine whether surgical intervention is the most appropriate route.

How does recovery affect the skin and face?

Recovery commonly involves swelling, bruising, and temporary numbness in treated areas. Initial swelling peaks within a few days and subsides over two to three weeks, though subtle changes can continue for months. Incision care and sun protection are essential to optimize skin healing and reduce scarring. Patients are typically advised to avoid strenuous activity for several weeks and to follow wound-care instructions closely. Sensation and tightness gradually improve; final aesthetic results may take several months as tissues settle and scars mature.

What risks and outcomes should you expect?

Like all surgeries, facelifts carry risks including infection, hematoma, nerve injury, unfavorable scarring, asymmetry, and anesthesia-related complications. Choosing an experienced, credentialed surgeon reduces but does not eliminate risk. Outcomes vary: many patients achieve a refreshed, natural-looking face and neck that can last years, though aging continues. Combine realistic expectations with preoperative planning—such as discussing potential adjunctive procedures for skin quality—to increase satisfaction. Postoperative follow-up and adherence to care instructions are important for optimal results.

Conclusion

Facelift surgery is a targeted method to address facial aging by tightening tissues and improving facial contours. It suits individuals with structural sagging and persistent signs of aging that non-surgical options cannot fully correct. Understanding how the procedure works, what recovery entails, and the potential risks helps set realistic expectations. Discussing goals and alternatives with a qualified surgeon ensures the chosen plan aligns with individual anatomy and long-term aesthetic priorities.