What is fatty liver disease?

Fatty liver disease describes excess fat stored within liver cells. There are two common forms: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), linked to metabolic factors like obesity and insulin resistance, and alcoholic fatty liver, linked to heavy alcohol use. The condition can be simple steatosis (fat only) or progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), where inflammation and damage occur. Identifying the underlying causes — such as metabolic disease, medications, or alcohol — is a key medical step toward an appropriate treatment plan.

How does fatty liver affect the body?

When fat accumulates in the liver, it can impair metabolic functions that regulate glucose and lipids, influencing the whole body. Persistent inflammation may lead to fibrosis (scarring), which reduces liver function and, in advanced cases, can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Fatty liver also commonly coexists with type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease, increasing overall health risks. Early detection and management reduce the likelihood of long-term organ damage and systemic complications.

What medical tests detect fatty liver?

Medical assessment typically begins with a clinical history, physical exam, and blood tests (including liver enzymes such as ALT and AST) to look for signs of liver stress. Imaging tests like abdominal ultrasound are commonly used to detect fat in the liver; transient elastography (FibroScan) and MRI can assess stiffness and quantify fat more precisely. In some cases, a hepatologist may recommend a liver biopsy to determine inflammation and fibrosis stage. Test choices and interpretation are individualized and should be guided by a qualified medical professional.

How can you support liver health with lifestyle?

Lifestyle modification is the foundation of fatty liver treatment. Weight loss of 5–10% of body weight often reduces liver fat and inflammation. Dietary changes that favor whole foods, reduce refined sugars and processed carbs, limit saturated fats, and emphasize vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats support liver health. Regular physical activity — both aerobic exercise and strength training — improves insulin sensitivity and reduces liver fat. Limiting alcohol, managing diabetes and cholesterol, and avoiding unnecessary hepatotoxic medications also protect liver function and overall health.

What treatment options are available for fatty liver disease?

Currently, first-line treatment is lifestyle-based: tailored diet, exercise, and management of metabolic risk factors. There are no medications universally approved specifically for NAFLD/NASH, though some drugs used for diabetes or lipid disorders can benefit liver outcomes and are prescribed when clinically appropriate. Clinical trials continue to evaluate new agents targeting inflammation and fibrosis. For people with severe obesity, bariatric surgery may improve liver histology. Ongoing medical follow-up with a primary care physician or hepatology specialist is important to monitor progression and adjust treatment.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.

Fatty liver treatment centers on practical, evidence-based steps: accurate diagnosis with appropriate medical tests, aggressive lifestyle changes to reduce liver fat, and coordinated care to manage related metabolic conditions. With early recognition and consistent management, many people can stabilize or improve liver health and reduce the risk of long-term disease affecting the liver and the rest of the body.