This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.

What is a gastric sleeve procedure?

A gastric sleeve, formally called sleeve gastrectomy, is a bariatric surgery that removes roughly 60–80% of the stomach, creating a tube-shaped or sleeve-like organ. Performed most often using laparoscopic techniques, the procedure reduces the stomach’s capacity and alters the environment that influences appetite. Because it does not reroute the intestines, it is technically simpler than some other bariatric operations and is increasingly common in surgical weight-loss programs.

How does gastric sleeve address obesity?

Gastric sleeve is offered primarily to people with obesity who have not achieved lasting results from non-surgical approaches. By reducing stomach volume, the surgery helps patients consume smaller portions and feel full sooner. It also influences metabolic and hormonal pathways that affect appetite and glucose regulation. While not a cosmetic or quick-fix solution, for many patients the operation reduces obesity-related health risks when combined with long-term behavioral changes and medical follow-up.

What does the surgery involve and what are the risks?

The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia and takes one to two hours in most centers. Surgeons create the sleeve by stapling and removing the larger curvature of the stomach, leaving a narrow pouch. Common short-term risks include bleeding, infection, and leak at the staple line; longer-term complications can include acid reflux, nutrient deficiencies, and, in some cases, need for revision surgery. A clear preoperative evaluation and experienced surgical team reduce risks; patients should expect a staged recovery with dietary progression from liquids to solids.

How does gastric sleeve support sustained weight loss?

After surgery, most patients experience reduced calorie intake due to the smaller stomach and often decreased appetite. Early weight loss can be rapid, followed by steadier reductions over months to years when diet and activity changes are maintained. Long-term success depends on ongoing follow-up care, vitamin supplementation, regular physical activity, and behavioral changes around eating. Many patients also benefit from multidisciplinary support—dietitians, mental health professionals, and primary care or bariatric specialists—to help sustain weight loss and address emotional or lifestyle challenges.

How does the surgery change the stomach and digestion?

The sleeve physically reduces stomach capacity and alters gastric emptying and hormonal signals that regulate hunger and satiety. Because the intestines are not bypassed, absorption of most nutrients remains intact, but reduced intake and changes in diet can still lead to deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, calcium, and other nutrients. Lifelong monitoring of bloodwork and supplementation are commonly recommended. Patients may also experience changes in tolerance to certain foods, and some report persistent or new gastroesophageal reflux symptoms that require management.

Conclusion

Gastric sleeve surgery is an established surgical option for people with significant obesity who need a durable tool to support weight loss alongside comprehensive lifestyle and medical care. It reduces stomach size, influences appetite and metabolism, and can improve health outcomes when performed by qualified teams and followed by long-term nutritional and behavioral support. Decisions about surgery should be individualized, weighing potential benefits, risks, and the commitment to lifelong follow-up.