How a tummy tuck is performed

A tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) is typically done under general anesthesia in a hospital or an accredited surgical center and usually takes between two and five hours depending on the complexity. The surgeon makes a low horizontal incision, usually just above the pubic area, to access the abdominal layers. Through this opening the skin and fat are lifted off the abdominal wall so the surgeon can repair separated or weakened muscles with sutures, tightening the abdominal wall for a firmer midsection.

After muscle repair, excess skin and fat are trimmed away. In a full abdominoplasty the belly button is often repositioned to sit naturally in the newly tightened skin. The incision is then closed with sutures and, in many cases, small drains are placed temporarily to prevent fluid buildup while tissues heal.

Variations of the procedure

Abdominoplasty is not one-size-fits-all. Options range from a mini-abdominoplasty, which targets only the lower abdomen and involves a shorter incision, to a full tummy tuck that addresses the entire abdominal area and muscles. Combination procedures—such as a tummy tuck with liposuction—are also common. Your plastic surgeon will recommend the approach that best matches your anatomy and aesthetic goals.

Risks and potential complications

Like all major operations, abdominoplasty carries risks. Typical and less common complications include:

• Wound problems: infection, delayed healing, or wound separation.
• Bleeding or hematoma formation near the incision site.
• Blood clots, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and, rarely, pulmonary embolism.
• Reactions to anesthesia.
• Changes in skin sensation: temporary or sometimes permanent numbness or altered feeling.
• Noticeable scarring or hypertrophic scars in some patients.
• Asymmetry or dissatisfaction with the cosmetic outcome, which may necessitate revision surgery.

Thorough preoperative screening, following your surgeon’s instructions closely, early ambulation after surgery, and appropriate measures to prevent blood clots can lower these risks. Be transparent about your medical history, medications, and tobacco use—smoking in particular increases the chance of healing problems and complications.

Typical recovery timeline

Recovery varies by person and by how extensive the operation was, but the following timeline is common:

• First week: Expect pain, swelling, and bruising. A compression garment is usually worn to reduce swelling and support the area. Pain medications and antibiotics may be prescribed. Surgical drains, if placed, are often removed within a few days to a week.
• Two to three weeks: Many patients can return to light, non-strenuous activities and desk work. Heavy lifting, bending, and vigorous exercise should be avoided.
• Four to six weeks: Swelling continues to decrease. Most people are cleared for more strenuous exercise and lifting around six weeks, but follow your surgeon’s individualized guidance.
• Long term: It can take several months for all swelling to resolve and for scars to mature and fade. Final contour and scar appearance continue to improve over time.

Regular follow-up visits are important so your surgeon can monitor healing and address issues early. Proper wound care, avoiding tobacco, maintaining a stable weight, and protecting scars from the sun all help optimize long-term results.

Typical costs

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Provider Type	Average Cost Range	Additional Costs
Private Clinic	$6,000 - $10,000	Anesthesia, facility fees
Hospital	$8,000 - $15,000	Pre-op tests, inpatient care
Plastic Surgery Center	$7,000 - $12,000	Compression garments, follow-up visits

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Prices, rates, or cost estimates mentioned in this article are based on the latest available information but may change over time. Independent research is advised before making financial decisions.

Keep in mind that quoted surgeon fees often do not include anesthesia, operating room charges, laboratory tests, prescription medications, garments, or potential revision surgery. Request a detailed, itemized estimate from each provider so you understand the full financial picture.

Choosing the right surgeon and facility

Selecting a qualified, experienced plastic surgeon is one of the most important steps. Consider these actions when evaluating surgeons and clinics:

• Confirm board certification and hospital privileges.
• Review before-and-after photos of patients with similar body types and goals.
• Read patient reviews and ask for references if available.
• Ask specific questions about the surgeon’s experience, complication rates, and revision policies.
• Ensure the facility is accredited and equipped to handle complications or emergencies.
• Discuss anesthesia plans, pain control, and the post-operative follow-up schedule.

Schedule consultations with more than one surgeon so you can compare recommendations, assess communication style, and set realistic expectations for outcomes.

Final considerations

A tummy tuck can offer both cosmetic improvements and functional benefits, such as improved core support for people with diastasis recti (separated abdominal muscles). However, it’s a major surgical procedure with recovery time, risks, and costs to weigh carefully. Consider your overall health, lifestyle, and goals before moving forward.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.