Amateeka n’okutandika kwa ISA mu nsi yonna

Income-Share Agreements zaatandika okufuna obugumu mu bintu eby’obulamu nga ssomero n’obuyigirize mu myaka egisukkuliddwaako. Mu mawanga agakwata ku nteekateeka, ekibiina ekya Back a Boiler ku yunivasite y’e Purdue kyatandika okutendekebwa okuteeka mu nsi eby’obuwangwa era nga ekivuddeko engeri z’okutereka emisango egy’obutasasulwa. Mu byuma eby’enjawulo, ebizimbe eby’abakozi b’ebyobuwangwa byakozesebwa okutandika ISA ez’ebbugumu mu kujjuza abafunye ensomesa oba okufuna amawanga gebayinza okusasula mu kiseera ekizibu. Mu butuukirivu, ISA ziva mu nsonyi z’obukodyo obwa mu mawanga agawereddwa okuteekateeka emisolo gy’abayizi, ate ne mu myaka gya leero abantu bebakola mu by’obusuubuzi bamanyi nti waliwo amaanyi okuva mu nteekateeka zino.

Engeri ISA zikola n’obufunze bw’amateeka

Income-Share Agreement ku ngeri ya buyinza, omuntu asuula buli kimu ku kimu ku muwendo gwebazikiddwa okuva mu mulimu gw’oyo oba mu ntambula ze yemala okusasula emyaka egimu. Ekizibu kimu kye kyalangirira kukirizibwa mu butongole obuwandiikiddwa, okuyisa mu mateeka g’eby’obusuubuzi era ne mu mateeka g’obwannakyewa. Mu mawanga agannyogeddwa, ebiyitirivu ku ISA birimu ebyafaayo eby’okumenyereza abakozi, embeera z’eby’obusuubuzi, era n’okukakasa nti olwo tekuwa mulimu gw’okusinga obutali bwangu. Eby’obufuzi bingi birina okukola ku ngeri ezaamu amateeka g’okuwandiika eby’okukolera wansi n’obukakafu obusobola okugobererwa.

Obukugu bw’emikolo n’ekikugu okuva mu nnyonyi z’ebyemmwe

Emikwano gya research ekimu egikuleetedde okulambula ISA gyeyali ey’obulamu bw’obutebenkevu mu mawanga agasooka. Empisa ez’obusobozi zirina okuteekebwa mu kifo okulabirako nti ISA zinafa ku ngeri ezaamu okusasula ku ssente ezitali zivunanibwa nga zitusobola okuwandiikibwa mu mbeera y’obutale. Ebimu ku binyonyi eby’obulamu ebikugu ebyalimu amagezi ga Brookings, IMF ne yunivasite za myaka mingi byalongoza nti ISA zisobola okuzaalawo obuwanguzi ku mukutu gwa ssente mu kusitula obuggya mu bayizi era n’okutereka ekifo ekya fiscal flexibility. Naye ate research mu mawanga ag’enjawulo yalaga nti waliwo ebizibu ebyetaagisa obulungi obusobodde bwekutongoza, nga kweyongera kw’amaanyi g’okwewandika ku mawanga g’ono g’okugabana obuzibu bwa mobile income n’obukadde.

Engeri ez’obusuubuzi mu Uganda: Amakubo g’okukolagana

Mu Uganda, Enterprise z’obuyigirize n’obutonde bw’amakubo g’obusente ziyinza okukozesa ISA okutumbula amaanyi g’abayizi n’aba vocational trainers. Amaka g’obufuzi, ebibiina eby’obusuubuzi n’amakubo g’obufunze gakyusiddwa okukola obukugu obwo mu nsonyi z’okuwaddezza abakozi abalala. Okukola ISA mu Uganda kulina okuyita mu kukola emisolo egikwata ku by’obulimi, eby’obukungu bw’eby’obusuubuzi n’okutumbula abakozi abasaasanya, okusobola okutereeza ebyemirimu. Okuva ku nnono y’amateeka, abaweereza bajja kulowooza nnyo ku bigendererwa by’okusasula, okubala obusuubuzi obulala n’ekifo ky’obwa buyambi okuva mu by’ensi yonna.

Engeri okumanya obuwanguzi, obuzibu n’okusalawo kw’emyanya

Obuwanguzi bwa ISA buva ku kuyinza okutereka engeri ey’okuwandiika ebigendererwa eby’enjawulo: tekisobola kusaba ssente z’empundu, kyokka kisobola okuwa abakozi amaanyi g’okutebenkera mu kusasula oluvannyuma lw’okusoma. Ebizibu birimu: okusobola okuvunaanyizibwa kwebyenkulakulana, amaanyi g’okwekalakaasa ku nsimbi za bantu abasinga obulamu bwabwe, n’okukakasa nti okwogera ku mwalo kulina engeri z’okukozesa mu mateeka. Abatontome bajja kukola ku nteekateeka enkulu: obutereevu mu kisenge ky’okusasula, okuteekawo caps, floors, n’obulamu obulina okusigala nga bwebisanyizo mu kusasula. Abasuubuzi (investors) basobola okwongera mu portfolio yabo ng’okusasula mu ISA zisobola okunyweza eby’obuyambi mu by’obusente by’omuntu nga basobola okwetegekera ebiragiro by’obuzibu bw’okusasula.

Case studies n’ebyokukola eby’enjawulo

Amagezi agava mu nsi gakyusa mu kumanya engeri ISA zikyusiza. Mu mawanga agasooka, yunivasite z’endabika za Purdue zaayamba okutandika ISA ezazimba emikago gy’okusasula ku bayizi, nga kye kyayamba okutumbula ezimu mu bitundu. Wabula, amalala nga Lambda School gakoze ku nteekateeka y’ISA era kyavaamu okuzuula obuzibu bw’okusigala okuterekeka, okutuuka ku kuggwa kw’emyoyo mu mateeka agalimu okusaba okw’enjawulo. Mu Africa, waliwo emisolo egy’obujjuvu n’obukugu okubala ekizibu ky’okusasula okubakoze nga team za vocational training ziyinza okukozesa ISA mu ngeri eyokka. Ebigendererwa by’okusasula bisobola okuba bya kimu n’embeera ey’enjawulo mu mbuga ez’enjawulo.

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Eno gy’ebirungi eby’okukozesa n’eby’okwayita mu ntekateeka y’ISA mu nsi yaffe.

• Funa akakiiko ak’amateeka nga kaggya obukakafu ku ngeri z’okusasula n’okukakasa nti ISA terimu obuwendo obunyogedde mu mateeka.

• Tekakozesa ISA mu kifo ky’okusasula ssente z’okusoma oba ebirungi by’omuntu nga tewandiikiddwa obukakafu.

• Tegyakozesa engeri y’obulamu ey’okusasula eya negative amortization; tewekena mu ngeri ey’obutonde obusaanye.

• Kola portfolio diversification; soumousa ISA nga single asset, osobola okukola fund y’ebintu bingi eby’enjawulo.

• Londa amaanyi g’okukola risk-sharing; fuba okukuuma caps, floors, n’obusobozi obwa refinancing mu mireeta gya recession.

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Okugezaako n’obusobozi bw’ebirala

Income-Share Agreements zirina ekifo ekikulu mu kusuubira okukyusa enzirugavu z’okuwanga ensimbi mu nsi y’awamu. Mu Uganda, ISA zisobola okutumbula abakozi abali mu nsala ez’obwenkanya, mu ngeri gye ziwandiikiddwa, zibeera ntofu mu mateeka n’obukuumi. Abasuubuzi baweza okukola nga bamanyi ebizibu by’obuwanguzi n’obutereevu, era gavumenti n’abakola mu by’amateeka bakyetaaga okwongera ku nsonyi z’okukakasa. Okukola pilots, eksperimenti n’okusoma ku mulembe kuyaweka engeri ey’okuddamu n’okukakasa nti ISA zitanga obuwanguzi, natuleeta obukuumi eri abakozi n’obusuubuzi mu ngeri ey’enjawulo.

Okulonda kw’ensonga eno kuteeka mu maaso amaanyi ag’okukuuma okusobola okuteeka engeri ez’enjawulo ezisobola okwongera ku bukugu bw’abantu, okuwa amaanyi mu bifo by’ebyobusuubuzi, n’okuteeka obusuubuzi obuyitirivu mu nsi ey’omulembe.

Mu ngeri y’obukakafu, laba obukodyo bwa ISA obufuuka ekitabo ky’amateeka n’obukugu, weereza abakozi amagezi ag’obulungi, era fuba okuwandiika ebigendererwa eby’obuvunaanyizibwa. Mu kulaba ku bifu ku by’ensimbi mu nsi eno, ISA zisobola okuwa amaanyi mu ngeri ey’obulamu era zibeera ekifaananyi ekisusse mu kusaba ensimbi z’obuwangwa n’okutumbula abavubuka mu Uganda.