Amagezi ag’omu maaso: eby’okutandika n’okukyuka kwa tekinologiya mu gavumenti

Okukozesa makompyuta ne algorithms mu by’obutebenkevu bw’obukulembeze si kibuga kimu. Eky’okubiri mu myaka gya 1990 ne 2000, gavumenti zisinziira ku makompyuta okuggyako essente ez’enjawulo mu kukola eby’okukulembera eby’enjawulo — okugeza okutereka ebifaananyi by’eby’obusuubuzi, okusasula enkola, n’okukola eby’okukuguza obuwoomi. Okujjumbiza kwe kusaliddwaamu tekwasa ku ngeri y’okuteekateeka amateeka agasaanye okugumira ebyokukola bino. Mu nsi endala, ebizimbe eby’enjawulo byabadde binnyonnyola empuliziganya z’eby’okuteeka mu nkola okusobola okutegeereza obubaka bw’okukolamu kompyuta ne byetaagisa ku by’amateeka.

Amateeka n’endagaano z’ensi yonna n’amaka mu kusigaza omukisa

Mu myaka gya leero, ebituufu eby’enjawulo byonna bijjukira okuteekawo endagaano ezikwatagana n’okutereera algorithms mu gavumenti. Amateeka agafaanana ga EU AI Act galeeta engeri empya ey’okutusobozesa okulongoosa ebikozesebwa bino n’okubaddenga ebiremera mu kuteekateeka. Ebitongole eby’enjawulo nga OECD byasooka okulaga amagezi ku nkola z’okuzaala gwe kifuula obuwanguzi, era World Bank ne International Labour Organization nabyo bituukiridde okuyamba mu kuyimirira ku ngeri z’ukulongoosa tekinologiya mu by’amateeka. Mu kibuga ky’Affirika, African Union yakuleeta obubaka bw’okuteeka mu nkola ku nkola y’emidata n’obulagirizi bw’eby’obufuzi, era ebibiina byo mu bifo by’eby’obutebenkevu byawandiisa emitendera gy’okusaba obutereevu mu bikolwa eby’obukulembeze.

Ebirowoozo n’ebizibu mu kukozesa algorithms mu by’obukulembeze

Okukozesa algorithms mu lipooti za gavumenti kubeera n’obulungi n’okubiri. Okulongoosa okuyamba mu kukunganya eby’obutale, okwongera enjawulo mu kukola ebiragiro, n’okuggyako emisango gya manual kibeera by’omukisa. Naye waliwo obuzibu nga bias ey’okukola, okubimba ku bifo by’abantu, n’okuba nti abamu tebassa obululu bw’okutegeera engeri ekiragiro kyabavunaanyizza bwe kyakolebwa. Ebibiino bino byandibadde n’obutakwatibwa bulungi bw’amateeka ogw’okufuna obujulizi, era bino byetaaga endagaano ey’obuvunaanyizibwa ey’okulongoosa ebyokukola bino mu gavumenti.

Enkaazu z’amateeka ne nnyonyi za gavumenti ezisobola okukola oversight

Okuteekamu enkyukakyuka mu mateeka ku kukakasa obukola bwa algorithms kusaba olunaku lw’amawulire, obujulizi bwamagye, n’ebyokukola ebirukirivu. Ebintu eby’enjawulo ebisobola okumanyizibwa ku mateeka g’okukola bino birimu impact assessments ezisooka (algorithmic impact assessments), audits ez’ebyobukulembeze, ne polisi y’okuteeka mu nkola y’obuyambi. Okukola palani ez’obugagga ezinyweza obusobozi bw’aba commissioners b’amateeka n’aba auditors mu bifo by’okukola tekinologiya kuyamba okukumira eby’obudde. Ensi ezitali zimu zisobola okutandika okwegatta mu ngeri y’okuleeta transparency mu gwanga nga zitwala amateeka agasaba okusaba ennyanjula n’okutuula mu nsonga z’okusaba okubunyisa.

Engeri ey’obuvunaanyizibwa n’obuwanguzi: kyakulabikako mu mateeka

Obuvunaanyizibwa mu kukozesa algorithms mu gavumenti bujja mu ngeri ez’enjawulo: obuvunaanyizibwa bwa administrative law, obuteekateeka bw’eby’obuwandiike, n’obuvunaanyizibwa obusobola okuziyiza okujjukira. Mu mateeka, ekirungi kyokka kiri mu kumanya engeri gye tekinologiya zikebera ekiragiriro ky’amateeka era ng’omuntu asobola okusaba okuyitizibwa oba okusabye okunonyerezebwa mu ngeri esobola okumutegeereza. Okujjukiramu okw’enjawulo mu EU AI Act kalla kwogera ku mukutu ogw’obusobozi obutereevu bw’enkola, ate mu bifo ebirala abantu basangibwa nga balina ebiragiro ebyasobola okuyamba abategetsi okusaba endagaano.

Emyoyo gy’ensi n’ebyetaagisa mu nsi za Affirika n’omu gavumenti yonna

Ekizibu mu nsi zaffe kyetuli mu kukola ku ntegeka ey’eby’amateeka ebyetaagisa okwongera mu kukunga obwenkanya. Mu nsi nnyingi mu Affirika, eby’obutebenkevu bisobola okutereera amannya g’aba citizen mu by’obusuubuzi, okulaba ku by’obutebe, n’okuteeka mu nkola ensobi ez’alina empisa. Okusobola okwongera obuyambi, gavumenti ziteekeddwa okulima palani ezisobola okulwanyisa bias, okuyamba mu kuzuula audits, n’okuteekawo ebikozesebwa ebyogera ku kusoomooza obuzibu obulaze mu algorithms. Ebikozesebwa bino bisaba okutwaliddwa mu nkola ya policy, enkola y’obuyigirize, n’okuteekawo enteekateeka ez’okuyamba mu by’amateeka.

Ebikolebwa n’obukubiriza: amagezi ag’okukakasa n’empuliziganya

Govamenti eziyanaamu algorithms zijja kuba n’obuvunaanyizibwa obulamu: okwongera okusomesa abakozi ba gavumenti ku ngeri y’okukola nabyo, okwongera amagezi ga audit, n’okuteeka mu nkola endagaano z’okutendereza okusooka okugwaanya obukyamu. Abaleko ekitongole ekikyakubiriza mu by’amateeka balina okukozesa impact assessments ezisooka okwemulako ku nkola z’ebyokukola, era balina okuyita mu balala abafuzi n’abatuuze mu kuwandiika ne ku mulembe gw’eby’okulabirako. Okuvunaanyizibwa kugenda kusalawo kw’obulamu bwe by’okukola nga bwe bisaliddwa mu mateeka g’obulamu bw’ensi n’okukakasa nti obutereevu, obwenkanya, n’obunyonyi birikumibwa.

Ebyokuddamu n’ebyetaago eby’enkizo ku mateeka

Okusobola okulongoosa engeri gye tukola algorithms mu gavumenti kusaalibwa ku kuteekawo amateeka agasobola okukyusa ebikoleddwa empya: kusindika endagaano ya transparency mu byokukola, okusaba audits ez’obumanyirivu, n’okukuuma enkola z’okwogera ku by’obulimi. Amagezi ga World Bank ne OECD gaggamba nti emirimu gyonna egy’okukola tekinologiya mu gavumenti gyonna gyanzaala ku ngeri egasobola okufunamu impact assessments n’okulageza mu bifo eby’obukulembeze. Mu ngeri y’okumalirizza, gavumenti zino zisaba okwongera okuganya obukodyo n’okutegekera abatuuze okubaamu okubunoonyereza ku by’ebyokukola bino.

Okusooka n’obuvuma: ensonga z’okukyusa amateeka n’engeri ey’okuteeka mu nkola

Okugezaako okukyusa amateeka ku kukakasa algorithms mu gavumenti kisaba obukulembeze obusobola okwawula eddembe n’obuvunaanyizibwa. Abafuzi ba mateeka balina okuyiga ku by’okuteeka mu nkola era balina okukola amateeka agasobola okubala ebiragiriro by’obuvunaanyizibwa mu kukola tekinologiya. Ebintu eby’enjawulo ebyetaagisa birimu okufuna ebikozesebwa eby’eby’obutuufu, okuyimiriza mukago okusobola okufuna audits, n’okuyamba mu kusaba obujulizi bw’eby’okukola ku ngeri ya administration law.

Ekigendererwa kino kibeera ekiraga nti okukakasa ebyokukola bya kompyuta mu gavumenti kitalina kutegeka okuleka gavumenti zisonye n’obulungi. Mu kusobola okutereera obunanyizibwa n’obujulizi, waliwo emikutu gyonna egyetaagisa okusobola okugyika empisa ezisinga okusobola okulongoosa engeri gye tekino-logiya ejja kukola mu by’obusuubuzi n’okutereka enkola z’eby’amateeka ebyq. Mu ngeri eno, abantu, abavunaanyizibwa, n’aba policy balina okukolera wamu okuyiga, okusobola okulaga empisa, era n’okukakasa nti tekinologiya etuuka ku nteekateeka ey’amagezi n’ebyetaago eby’enjawulo mu mulimu gwa gavumenti.