Skin Cancer and Melanoma: Causes, Signs, and Prevention
Skin cancer, including melanoma, arises when skin cells grow abnormally after DNA damage—most often from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Understanding common signs, risk factors, and practical prevention steps helps people make informed decisions about sun protection and when to seek professional evaluation. This article explains how moles and sunburn relate to melanoma risk, what to expect from dermatology assessment, and how to monitor skin changes over time. Clear, evidence-based awareness can support earlier detection, which affects treatment options and outcomes.
This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.
What is melanoma and other skin cancer types?
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It is less common than basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma but can be more likely to spread if not detected early. Skin cancers generally start as a change in the skin—such as a new lesion, a mole that changes, or a sore that doesn’t heal. Diagnosis typically involves clinical examination and may include dermoscopy and a biopsy to examine cells microscopically. Staging and recommended management depend on thickness, ulceration, and whether the cancer has spread.
How do moles relate to skin cancer?
Most moles are benign, but some changes warrant closer attention. Atypical moles (dysplastic nevi) can look irregular in color, shape, or border and may carry a higher risk of melanoma. Monitoring moles involves noting new growths, rapid changes, or lesions that meet the ABCDE criteria: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than 6 mm, and Evolving over time. Regular self-exams and photographic records help detect subtle change. If a mole meets concerning criteria, a dermatologist may perform a biopsy to determine whether cancer cells are present.
How does sunburn affect melanoma and skin cancer risk?
Sunburns indicate DNA damage from UV radiation; repeated sunburns, especially in childhood, are associated with increased lifetime risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. Intermittent intense exposure and tanning bed use also elevate risk. Protecting skin with broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective clothing, hats, and seeking shade reduces UV exposure. Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours during prolonged sun exposure and after swimming. Sun behavior, skin type, and history of burns are factors clinicians consider when assessing an individual’s risk profile.
When should you see dermatology or local services?
See a dermatologist or local services if you notice a new lesion, a mole that changes in size, shape, color, or begins to itch, bleed, or hurt. Also seek evaluation for non-healing sores or rapid skin changes. Dermatology assessment may include clinical photography, dermoscopy (magnified skin examination), and a biopsy when necessary. For people with many moles or a family history of melanoma, dermatologists may recommend periodic full-skin checks and, in some cases, referral to specialized clinics for mole mapping. Local services differ; check with trained dermatology providers or skin clinics in your area for availability of screenings and follow-up.
Prevention and monitoring strategies for skin cancer
Prevention focuses on reducing UV exposure: use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher, wear sun-protective clothing and wide-brim hats, avoid tanning beds, and limit sun exposure during peak UV hours. Regular self-skin checks—monthly for many people—help detect new or changing lesions early. Health professionals recommend establishing baseline photographs of moles to spot subtle changes and scheduling professional skin exams according to individual risk factors. For those with prior skin cancer, dermatology follow-up intervals are typically more frequent to monitor for recurrence or new lesions.
Conclusion
Skin cancer, including melanoma, is linked to UV exposure and changes in existing moles. Awareness of warning signs, consistent sun-protection practices, and timely evaluation by dermatology or local services increase the chance of early detection. Monitoring your skin and discussing any suspicious changes with a qualified healthcare professional supports appropriate diagnostic steps and management tailored to personal risk.
